第�一节 其他项目
  上述10项是ç»�大多数英文è�¯å“�说明书ä¸å¿…备项目,但是许多说明书ä¸è¿˜å¸¸å¸¸å‡ºçŽ°å…¶ä»–ä¸€äº›é¡¹ç›®ã€‚ä¾‹å¦‚ï¼š
  1�特点(Characteristics)
  2�性质(Properties)
  3ã€�è�¯ä»£åŠ¨åŠ›å¦ï¼ˆPhamacokinetics)
  4�用�过�(Overdosage)
  5�相互作用(Interactions)
  6�有效期(Validity)
  7�其他�能出现的项目。
  现将�项简�分述如下:
  1ã€�Characteristics(特点)或Features(特点)的主è¦�内容是è�¯ç‰©çš„è�¯ç�†ä½œç”¨ç‰¹ç‚¹ã€�疗效ã€�剂é‡�å�Šè�¯ç‰©ä»£è°¢ç‰ã€‚所以本项内的英è¯è¯�汇å�Šç»“构特点与“è�¯ç�†å¦”ã€�“剂é‡�”ç‰é¡¹å†…容相似。
  例1 Characteristics:
  1)Asverin Is an entirely new and patented cough medicine developed by Tanabe‘s rocess.
  2)Asverin being a non-narcotic, can be used as a common medicine.
  3)Antitussive effect of Asverin is equal to or more powerful than that of codeine.
  4)Asverin is provided with an expectoranting action which has been never found in any conventional antitussitive agents so far available in the market.
  5)Asverin can be administered safely for a long duration without any sideeffect.
  特点1)安嗽ç�µæ˜¯ä¸€ç§�全新的ã€�获有专利的用塔那勃æ°�æ–¹æ³•ç ”åˆ¶çš„é•‡å’³è�¯ã€‚
  2)安嗽�属�麻醉�,�作为常用�使用。
  3)安嗽ç�µçš„镇咳作用相当于或强于å�¯å¾…å› ã€‚
  4)安嗽ç�µçš„祛痰作用是迄今市场上å�¯ä¹°åˆ°çš„常用镇咳è�¯ä¸å‰�所未有的。
  5)安嗽ç�µå�¯é•¿æœŸæœ�用,既安全å�ˆæ— 副作用。
  2. Properties(Property)(性质):本项内容与Characteristics 基本相�。
  例2 Methotrexate (MTX) is an antimetabolite of folic acid which has been used for a long time in thechemotherapy of tumours.
  氨甲�酸(简称MTX)为甲酰四氢�酸的抗代谢物,长期以�一直用作治疗肿瘤的化疗�物。
  例3 Unlike nitroglycerine, it is not rapidly inactivated in the liver and a reliable clinical effect can be expected. Toxicity is low-effects are minimal with Motazomin.
  脉心导æ•�与ç¡�酸甘油ä¸�å�Œï¼Œåœ¨è‚�è„�ä¸�èƒ½è¿…é€Ÿå¤±æ´»ï¼Œå› è€Œå�¯æœ›å…·æœ‰å�¯é� 的临床效果,本å“�毒性å°�,副作用æž�为轻微。
  例4 Urgenin acts as an anti-inflammatory, reducing the swelling in the prostatic bladder region caused by general obstruction. It also stimulates the blood circulation in this area and the body‘s natural defence mechanism.
  护å‰�åˆ—è…ºç´ å…·æœ‰æŠ—ç‚Žä½œç”¨ï¼Œèƒ½å‡�è½»å‰�åˆ—è…ºè†€èƒ±åŒºå› ä¸€èˆ¬æ€§æ¢—é˜»å¼•èµ·çš„è‚¿èƒ€ï¼Œæœ¬å“�能刺激上述部ä½�çš„è¡€æ¶²å¾ªçŽ¯ï¼Œå¹¶å¢žåŠ æœºä½“çš„è‡ªç„¶é˜²å¾¡æœºåˆ¶ã€‚
  例5 Medomin induces restorative sleep lasting 6-8 hours. Because it is rapidly and completely broken down in the body, it is unlikely to produce morning hangover and does not cumulate. It retains its full activity even when used repeatedly.
ã€€ã€€ç¾Žå¤šçœ å�¯ä½¿æ¶ˆé™¤ç–²åŠ³çš„ç�¡çœ æŒ�ç»6~8å°�时;由于本å“�åœ¨ä½“å†…èƒ½è¿…é€Ÿå’Œå®Œå…¨åˆ†è§£ï¼Œå› è€Œä¸�会产生清晨的“残留作用。也没有积蓄作用。å�³ä½¿ç»�常æœ�用,本å“�ä»�能ä¿�æŒ�充分的活性。
  3.Pharmacokinetics(è�¯ç‰©ä»£è°¢åŠ¨åŠ›å¦ï¼‰ 的内容王è¦�是代谢(metabolism),å�¸æ”¶ï¼ˆabsorption),分布与排泄(distribution and elimination)ç‰ï¼š
  例6 Ampicillin is stable in the presence of gastic acid and is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (30-60% of a dose being absorbed by this route)。 Its absorpt-ion, however, is diminished when it is taken fogether with food.
  氨苄é�’éœ‰ç´ åœ¨èƒƒé…¸ä¸ç¨³å®šã€‚è€Œä¸”æ˜“è¢«èƒƒè‚ é�“å�¸æ”¶ï¼ˆ30~60%的一次剂é‡�ç»�æ¤é€”径å�¸æ”¶ï¼‰ç„¶è€Œä¸Žé£Ÿç‰©å…±æœ�,其å�¸æ”¶å‡�少。
  例7 The absolute bioavailability of Miacalic fouowing intramuscular or subcutaneous injection is approximately 70%。 Its peak plasma concentration is attained within one hour and it has half-life of elimination of 70�90 minutes.Up to 95% of the dose is excreted via the kidneys, 2% as unchanged drug. The apparent volume of distribution is 0.15~0.31�kg and protein binding 30~40%。
  肌注或者下注射å�Žã€‚密钙æ�¯çš„ç»�对生物利用率约为70%。1å°�时内其血è�¯æµ“度å�¯è¾¾é«˜å³°ï¼Œå…¶å�Šè¡°æœŸä¸º 70~90分钟。高达95%的剂é‡�ç»�由肾è„�排出,2%以其ä¸�å�˜çš„è�¯ç‰©åŽŸåž‹æŽ’å‡ºã€‚è¡¨è§‚åˆ†å¸ƒå®¹ç§¯ä¸º0.15~0.31/kgã€�蛋白质结å�ˆçŽ‡ä¸º 30~40%。 医.妿•™è‚²ç½‘æ•´ç�†é£žä¾‹8 Midazolam is completely metabolized in the body. The primary metabolite is a-hydroxy-midazolam, which can be traced in the plasma. Immediately after its formation, this active metabolite is conjugated with glucuronic acid(inactlvation)and then eliminated by the kidneys.
ã€€ã€€é€Ÿçœ å®‰åœ¨ä½“å†…ä»£è°¢å®Œå…¨ï¼Œä¸»è¦�的代谢产物为a-ç¾ŸåŸºé€Ÿçœ å®‰ï¼Œå�¯åœ¨è¡€æµ†ä¸æŸ¥å‡ºã€‚代谢产物形æˆ�å�Žï¼Œæ¤æ´»æ€§ä»£è°¢ç‰©ä¾¿ç«‹å�³ä¸Žè‘¡è�„糖醛酸结å�ˆï¼ˆå¤±æ´»ï¼‰ï¼Œç„¶å�Žç”±è‚¾è„�排出。
  4. Overdosage(超剂é‡�,è�¯ç‰©è¿‡é‡�)主è¦�介ç»�用è�¯è¿‡é‡�所产生的å�Žæžœï¼ˆeffect),症状(signs and symptoms)å�Šå¤„ç�†ï¼ˆtreatment)方法。其英è¯è¯�汇和结构ç‰ä¸Ž“剂é‡�与用法”,“副作用”,“注æ„�事项”ç‰é¡¹ç›®ä¸çš„è¯�汇和结构相似。
  例9 Overdosage may give rise to the following signs and symptoms: tremor, xcitation, convulsions, changes in blood pressure impairment of consciousness, and coma. EEG and ECG changes may also occur.
  Treatment: Measures to monitor and safeguard vital functions. Administration of diazepam wherenecessary.
  超剂��能引起下列体�和症状:震颤�兴奋�痉挛�血压改���识�害��迷。心电图和脑电图也�能�生改�。
  治疗:采�措施监护��器官的功能。必�时给予安定。
  例10 Manifestations of Halcion overdosage include extensions of its pharmacological activity, namely somnolence and hypnosis. As in all cases of drug overdosage, respiration, pulse, and blood pressure should be monitored and supported by general measures when necessary. Immediate gastric lavage should be performed. Intravenous fluids should be administered and an adequate airway maintained.
  好尔ç�¡æœ�用过é‡�的表现是其è�¯ç�†æ´»æ€§çš„æ‰©å±•,å�³å—œç�¡å’Œå‚¬çœ 。åƒ�处ç�†æ‰€æœ‰è�¯ç‰©è¿‡é‡�çš„ç—…ä¾‹ä¸€æ ·ï¼Œå¿…é¡»å¯¹å‘¼å�¸ã€�脉æ��和血压进行监测,必è¦�时采用通用措施,应立å�³æ´—胃ã€�é�™è„‰è¾“液,并ä¿�æŒ�呼å�¸é�“畅通。
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