第七节 �良�应
  ä¸�良å��应这一项ä¸åŒ…括è�¯ç‰©çš„副作用ã€�症状å�Šä½“å¾�ã€�毒性作用å�Šè€�å�—力ã€�过æ•�å��应ã€�å�œè�¯ç‰ã€‚现分述如下:
  1.“ä¸�良å��应”的常用的英è¯è¡¨ç¤ºæ³•有:
  Adverse Reaction(s)�良�应 Unwanted(Untoward) Reaction(s)�良�应
  2.“副作用”的常用的英è¯è¡¨ç¤ºæ³•有:
  Side-effect(s) 副作用 Unwanted(Undesirable) Effects 副作用
  Side Reaction(s) 副作用 By-effects 副作用
  3.常è§�的霉副å��应的症状å�Šä½“å¾�çš„è¯�è¯å¾ˆå¤šï¼Œä½†è®°ä½�下列è¯�è¯å¾ˆæœ‰å¿…è¦�:
  allergic (hypersensitive,anaphylactic)reaction(s) 过��应
  allergy(hypersensitivity) 过� dizzziness 眩晕
  gastrointestinal tract èƒƒè‚ é�“ fever å�‘çƒ
  local reaction(s) 局部�应 flush 潮红
  skin reaction(s)皮肤�应 headache 头痛
  symptom(s)症状 nausea �心
  systematic 全身的 pruritus 瘙痒
  anorexia 厌食 rash 皮疹
  blood count 白细胞计数 spasm 痉挛
  blood pressure 血压 thirst �渴
  coma �迷 tiredness 疲倦
  diarrhea 腹泻 vomiting 呕�
  4.“霉性”ã€�“è€�å�—性”的英è¯è¡¨ç¤ºæ³•:
  toxicity 毒性
  tolerance(tolerability) ��力,��性
  tolerate(toleration) ��
  5.“å�œè�¯”的英è¯è¡¨ç¤ºæ³•举例:
  abandon ��
  discontinue(discontinuance,discontinuation) å�œè�¯ï¼Œä¸æ–(治疗)
  cease(cessation)(stop)å�œè�¯ï¼ˆå�œæ¢æ²»ç–—)
  don't use 勿使用(��)
  suspend ��
  terminate å�œæ¢ï¼Œç»“æ�Ÿ
  withdraw(be withdrawn,withdrawal)��
  6.其他一些常è§�的基本è¯�汇å�ŠçŸè¯ï¼š
  acute 急性的 control(be controlled)控制
  chronic 慢性的 diminish(reduce,reduction)�少
  common 常�的 disappear 消失
  irreversible ��逆的 encounter �到,�到
  mild 轻微的 give rise to 产生
  normal æ£å¸¸çš„ include 包括
  rare(ly)罕�的(地) lead to 导致
  reverside �逆的 manifest 表明,显示
  severe 严�的 observe(be observed)(被)观察到
  temporary 暂时的 produce 产生
  transient ä¸€è¿‡æ€§çš„ï¼ŒçŸæš‚çš„ react to 对……å��应
  appear(develop,happen,occur)出现(产生)
  result from ç”±……引起 be reported (被)报é�“
  result in 导致 cause (be caused by) (由……)引起
  treat(treatment) 治疗
  special care(caution)should be exercised 特别�心(注�)
  例1 Ciprofloxactin is generally well tolerated. The most frequently reported adverse reactions are: nausea, diarrhaea, vomiting, dyspepsia, abdomina pain, headache, restlessness, rash, dizziness and pruritus.
  环丙沙星一般��良好。最常报�的副作用有:�心�腹泻�呕��消化�良�腹痛�头痛��安�皮疹�头晕�瘙痒。
  例2 Side-effects are rare with slow-K, as any excess potassium is rapidly excreted in the urine.
  施ä¹�å‡¯çš„å‰¯ä½œç”¨æ ¹ç½•è§�ï¼Œå› ä¸ºä»»ä½•è¿‡é‡�的钾都迅速由尿排出。
  例3 At the recommended dosage side-effects e.g. venous irritatiion or hypersensitivity reactions (cutaneous and mucous reactions) are only observed in isolated cases.
  用推�剂�治疗时,仅�个别的�脉刺激或过��应(皮肤�粘膜�应)病例。
  例4 When adverse reactions occur, they are usually reversible and disappear when the hormone is discontinued.
  当ä¸�良å��应å�‘生时,它们往往是å�¯é€†çš„,å�œç”¨æ¿€ç´ å�Žå‰¯ä½œç”¨å�³æ¶ˆå¤±ã€‚
  例5 The most serious side-effect is damage to the bone marrow. Because of this, the white blood cell count should be controlled often enough druing the treatment.
  最严é‡�的副作用是骨髓æ�Ÿå®³ï¼Œå› æ¤åœ¨æ²»ç–—期间,è¦�ç»�常监测白细胞计数。
  例6 These unwanted effects usually disappear spontaneously after 7-14 days or following a temporary reduction in the dosage.
  这些副作用通常在7-14日之�,或者暂时�低剂�便自行消失。
  例7 With high dosage continuous infusion (more than 200mg/m2/day) over 5 to 7 days, the gastrointestinal complications are more pronounced and can on occasion lead to ileus. All side effects are reversible after cessation of therapy.
  大剂é‡�连ç»è¾“注超过 5~7日(超过 200mgï¼�m2ï¼�æ—¥ï¼‰ï¼Œèƒƒè‚ é�“å¹¶å�‘症更为明显,å�¶å°”å�¯å¯¼è‡´è‚ 梗阻。å�œè�¯å�Žå‰¯ä½œç”¨çš†å�¯é€†è½¬ã€‚
  例 8 In some patients nausea, dizziness,and vomiting may occur in the first days of treatment but the treatment need not be discontinued for that. In rare cases a decrease of blood pressure may appear for which a blood pressure check-up is recommended in out-patients before the treatment is initiated. If side-effects persist, lower doses should be administered.
  æœ�用本å“�çš„å¤´å‡ å¤©ï¼Œæœ‰äº›ç—…äººå�¯èƒ½ä¼šå‡ºçްæ�¶å¿ƒã€�头晕和呕å��,但ä¸�å¿…å�œè�¯ã€‚å�¶æœ‰è¡€åދ䏋é™�的病例,为æ¤ï¼Œåœ¨æ²»ç–—开始å‰�建议对门诊患者检测血压。若副作用æŒ�ç»ä¸�消失,应å‡�å°‘æœ�用剂é‡�。
  例9 Major adverse reactions (much less common than the minor adverse reactions) include inhibition of myelopoiesis, drug fever and hepatitis.
  较é‡�çš„ä¸�良å��应(远ä¸�å�Šè½»åº¦ä¸�良å��应常è§�)包括抑制骨髓细胞生æˆ�,è�¯ç‰©çƒå�Šè‚�炎。
  例10 Side-effects: Loss of appetite and nausea occur in most cases, sometimes with vomiting. These symptoms are usually confined to the first few days of treatment and then tend to disappear.
  副作用:多数病例出现食欲å‡�退ã€�æ�¶å¿ƒï¼Œæœ‰æ—¶å‘•å��。这些症状通常å�‘生在治疗的最åˆ�å‡ å¤©ï¼Œä»¥å�Žé€�æ¸�消失。
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