第八节 注�事项
  “注æ„�事项”也是è�¯å“�说明书ä¸çš„é‡�è¦�内容之一。为了安全用è�¯ï¼ŒåŽ‚å•†åœ¨æœ¬é¡¹ä¸ç‰¹åˆ«å¼ºè°ƒåº”注æ„�的事项,其ä¸ä¸»è¦�包括:æ£ç¡®çš„剂é‡�和用法,超过剂é‡�时的应急措施,用è�¯å¯¹è±¡ï¼Œå�¯èƒ½å‡ºçŽ°çš„è¾ƒä¸¥é‡�的副作用å�Šæ²»ç–—方案,è�¯ç‰©çš„é…�ä¼�,è�¯æ¶²çš„é…�制ã€�使用å�Šä¿�管ç‰ã€�æ–¹é�¢çš„æ³¨æ„�事项。现就本项内容详细介ç»�如下:
  1. 本项常用的英è¯è¡¨ç¤ºæ³•:
  Precaution(s) 注�事项 Special note(caution, precaution)特别注�
  Caution(s) 注�事项 N.B. 注�
  Noto 注æ„� Warning(s) è¦å‘Š
  有时也用:
  Important ��事项 Important for the patients 患者须知
  2. 本项ä¸å¸¸è§�的检查项目:
  blood count 血细胞�数 Kidney (renal) function 肾功能
  blood picture(hemogram) 血象 Liver(hepatic)function �功
  blood level 血浓度 serum concentration 血清浓度
  blood pressure 血压 serum creatinine test 血清肌酸�检验
  clotting time �血时间 urine routine(examination) 尿常规
  creatinine clearance 肌酸�清除率
  3. 本项的特点是内容长çŸä¸�一,有难有易;è¯�汇é‡�大,涉å�Šé�¢å¹¿ï¼Œæ—¢æœ‰æ™®é€šè¯�汇,也有大é‡�的专业è¯�汇å�Šç¼–写è¯�。许多è¯�汇ã€�结构和å�¥åž‹å�¯åœ¨è�¯ç�†ä½œç”¨ã€�适应症ã€�ç¦�忌症ã€�剂é‡�和用法ã€�副作用,贮è—�ç‰é¡¹ä¸è§�到。从英è¯ç»“构上分æž�,å�¥åž‹å�˜åŒ–较多,长å�¥ã€�éš¾å�¥ä¹Ÿå±¡å±¡å‡ºçŽ°ï¼Œæ˜¯æ¯”è¾ƒéš¾è¯»çš„ä¸€ä¸ªé¡¹ç›®ã€‚
  例1 Warnings and precautions: Ciprofloxacin should be used with caution in epileptics and patients with a history of CNS disorders and only if the benefits of treatment are considered to outweight the risk of possible CNS side-effects.
  è¦å‘Šå’Œæ³¨æ„�事项:癫痫病人å�Šæœ‰ä¸æž¢ç¥žç»�系统病å�²çš„æ‚£è€…慎用环丙沙星,仅当认为疗效超过å�¯èƒ½äº§ç”Ÿçš„䏿ž¢ç¥žç»�系统副作用的å�±é™©æ—¶æ‰�å�¯ä½¿ç”¨ã€‚
  例2 Ciprofloxacin could result in impainnent of the patients ability to drive or operate machinary, particularly in conjunction with alcohol.
  环丙沙星能�害人们驾驶汽车或�纵机器的能力,尤其是在饮酒之�。
  例3 Warnings: Vepeside should be administered under the supervision of a qualified physicain experienced in the use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
  è¦å‘Šï¼šæ³›å¿…治应该在使用治疗癌症的化疗制剂方é�¢æœ‰ç»�验ã€�æœ‰èµ„æ ¼çš„åŒ»ç”Ÿçš„ç›‘æŠ¤ä¸‹ä½¿ç”¨ã€‚
  例4 The most serious risk associated with anticoagulant therapy with sodium warfarin are hemorrhage in any tissue or organ and less frequently, necrosis and/ or gangrene of skin and other tissues. The risk of hermorrhage is related to level of intensity and the duration of anticoagulant therapy.
  用å�Žæ³¨æž—é’ è¿›è¡ŒæŠ—å‡�治疗产生的最严é‡�çš„å�±é™©å°±æ˜¯ç»„织或器官出血,以å�Šä¸�大常出现的皮肤和其他组织的å��æ»å’Œï¼ˆæˆ–)å��疽。出血的å�±é™©ä¸ŽæŠ—å‡�治疗的è�¯ç‰©æµ“度(水平)å�Šç–—ç¨‹é•¿çŸæœ‰å…³ã€‚
  例5 The occurrence of a platelet count below 50,000/mm3 or an absolute neutrophil count below 500/mm3 is an indication to withhold further therapy until the blood counts have sufficiently recovered.
  血å°�æ�¿æ•°ä½ŽäºŽ50,000ï¼�mm3 或ç»�坹䏿€§ç™½ç»†èƒžæ•°ä½ŽäºŽ500ï¼�mm3 ,表明ä¸�能继ç»ä½¿ç”¨æœ¬å“�治疗,待白细胞计教充分æ�¢å¤�å�Žæ‰�能继ç»ç”¨è�¯ã€‚
  例6 Warfarin therapy should be discontinued when warfarin is suspected to be the cause of developing necrosis and heparin therapy may be considered for anticoagulation.
  当怀疑å�Žæ³•林治疗引起å��æ»æ—¶ï¼Œåˆ™é¡»å�œæ¢æ²»ç–—,并且考虑使用è‚�ç´ æ²»ç–—ã€‚
  例7 Dosage should be controlled by periodic determinations of prothrombin time(PT) or other suitable coagulation tests.
  必须定期检查�血酶原时间(PT),或�其他相应的�血试验�控制剂�。
  例8 Please note Cerebral convulsive disease is regarded as a relative contraindication for examinations in the subarachnoid space. If after careful consideration, these examinations are nevertheless performed, all equipment and medicines necessary to counter any convulsions may occur must be prepared ready for use beforehand.
  请注æ„�:脑惊厥被认为相对ç¦�æ¢è¿›è¡Œè››ç½‘膜下腔检查,如ç»�谨慎考虑å�Žã€�ä»�è¦�进行这些检查时。必须事先备妥应付å�¯èƒ½å�‘生惊厥所需的所有设备与è�¯å“�。
  例9 Caution must be exercised in the case of hypersensitivity to iodinated contrast media, latent hyperthyroidism and bland nodular goitre.
ã€€ã€€å¯¹ç¢˜é€ å½±å‰‚è¿‡æ•�ã€�éš�匿性甲状腺亢进和轻微甲状腺肿的病例,应慎é‡�。
  例10 Caution Alcohol intake may enhance nitrate effects and occasionally induce hypotension with subsequent impairment of reactivity. During the first three months of pregnancy drugs should only be used on the express direction of the attendant physician. Isket spray should not be stored at temperatures above 25.C� Temperatures above 40 ℃ are to be be avoided, even for bried periods� Do not force canister open, even when empty�
  注æ„�:饮酒å�¯å¢žå¼ºç¡�é…¸ç›�的作用ã€�å�¶å°”引起低血压,继而æ�Ÿå®³å��åº”åŠ›ã€‚å¦Šå¨ ä¸‰ä¸ªæœˆæ—¶ï¼Œå�ªæœ‰åœ¨ç›‘护医生明确指导下æ‰�å�¯ä½¿ç”¨æœ¬å“�。异舒å�‰å–·é›¾å‰‚çš„è´®å˜æ¸©åº¦ä¸�应超过25℃ï¼�é�¿å…�超过40℃。å�³ä½¿çŸæ—¶é—´ä¹Ÿä¸�å�¯ï¼�ä¸�è¦�用力开ç½�,å�³ä½¿ç©ºç½�时也ä¸�å�¯ç”¨åЛ开ï¼�勿使儿童接触本å“�
  例11 As with all new drugs, patients should be followed carefully so that any side-effects or unusual manifestations of drug idiosyncrasy may be detected. If any allergic reaction to Keflex occurs, the drug should be discontinued and the patient treated with the usual agents.
  åƒ�使用所有新è�¯ä¸€æ ·ï¼Œåº”细心地éš�访患者,以便观察任何副作用或è�¯ç‰©ç‰¹å¼‚å��应。如果出现对头抱è�Œç´ IV的过æ•�å��应,应å�œè�¯ï¼Œå¹¶ç”¨å¸¸è§„è�¯ç‰©æ²»ç–—患者。
  例12 In patients with normal renal function, chronic hypercalcemia may be associated with an increase in serum creatinine. While this is usually reversible, It is important in such patients to pay careful attention to those factors which may lead to hypercalcemia.
  对于肾功能æ£å¸¸çš„æ‚£è€…,慢性高钙血症å�¯èƒ½ä¸Žè¡€æ¸…肌酸é…�增多有关。这通常虽然是å�¯é€†çš„ï¼Œç„¶è€Œå¯¹è¿™æ ·çš„ç—…äººï¼Œå¯†åˆ‡æ³¨æ„�å�¯èƒ½å¯¼è‡´è¡€é’™è¿‡å¤šçš„å�„ç§�å› ç´ æ˜¯å¾ˆé‡�è¦�的。
  例13 Precautions 一Avoid the concomitant use, in the absence of special monitoring laboratory of parameters, of anticoagulants or aspirin. 一Inform the attending physician in the event of bleeding or of the occurence of a hematoma.
  注æ„�äº‹é¡¹ï¼šåœ¨æ— åŒ–éªŒå®¤å�‚è€ƒæŒ‡æ ‡çš„ä¸“é—¨ç›‘æµ‹æƒ…å†µä¸‹ï¼Œé�¿å…�与抗å‡�剂或阿å�¸åŒ¹æž—å�ˆç”¨ã€‚如å�‘生出血或出现血肿,应通知主治医生。 åŒ»å¦æ•™.育网æ�œé›†
  例14 Periodical examination of hepatic or renal function and blood picture is desirable since Kedacillin may increase SGOT. SGPT and BUN, and decrease erythrocyte and leucocyte.
  磺苄é�’éœ‰ç´ é’ å�¯ä½¿è¡€æ¸…è°·-è�‰è½¬æ°¨é…¶ï¼Œè¡€æ¸…è°·-ä¸™è½¬æ°¨é…¶å’Œè¡€æ¶²å°¿ç´ æ°®å¢žé«˜ï¼Œä½¿çº¢ç»†èƒžå’Œç™½ç»†èƒžå‡�少。所以最好è¦�定期检查è‚�ã€�肾功能和血象。
  例15 N.B.Transference from insuline to Glutril may be attempted in case of maturity-onset diabetes with obesity;dosage is based upon the result of the necessarily frequent metablic tests.
  注æ„�:伴有肥胖症的æˆ�年型糖尿病患者,å�¯è¯•ä»Žèƒ°å²›ç´ æ”¹ç”¨æ ¼è·¯ç‰¹åˆ©æ²»ç–—ï¼Œå‰‚é‡�应以必须ç»�常进行的代谢试验为ä¾�æ�®ã€‚
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