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您的�置:医学教育网 > �生网校 > 全国医学�士外语统一考试 > 全国医学�士外语统一考试辅导精� > 正文

2021医学考�英语热点�题:阿尔兹海默症

“2021医学考�英语热点�题:阿尔兹海默症�相信是准备�加全国医学�士外语统一考试的朋�比较关注的事情,为此,医学教育网�编整�内容如下:

医学考�题中多次出现的“爆款�,�年疾病类的�题,这次给大家�点推�,AD——Alzheimer's disease 阿尔兹海默症。也是希望在临床一线奋斗的�伙伴们,�时�力,轻�把�考�的出题方�。

�信你扒一扒2007年,2009年,2013年~2016年的阅读题目中,都有直接的AD相关考题出现。也就是说,10年考题它出现了6次之多。下�给大家整�了一些英文�料。

Every four seconds, someone is diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.

平��4秒就会有一个人被诊断患有阿兹海默症。

It's the most common cause of dementia, affecting over 40 million people worldwide,

这是造�痴呆的头�原因,影��全�4�多万人,

and yet finding a cure is something that still eludes researchers today.

然而研究人员至今也没能找到治愈这�病的方法。

Dr. Alois Alzheimer, a German psychiatrist,

爱罗斯。阿兹海默�士一�德国精神病学家,

first described the symptoms in 1901 when he noticed that a particular hospital patient hadsome peculiar problems,

于1901年在注�到�一�患者的特有症状之�,首次�述了它。

including difficulty sleeping, disturbed memory, drastic mood changes, and increasingconfusion.

这�患者的特有症状包括入�困难�记忆力异常�剧烈的情绪波动以�越�严�的精神混乱。

When the patient passed away, Alzheimer was able to do an autopsy

当这�病人去世之�,阿兹海默得以解剖尸体,

and test his idea that perhaps her symptoms were caused by irregularities in the brain'sstructure.

从而测试他的�论,也就是导致她那些病症的原因是大脑内部的一些�规律的现象。

What he found beneath the microscope were visible differences in brain tissue

在他显微镜下�现的是大脑组织中��的,

in the form of misfolded proteins called plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles.

错误折�的蛋白质,也就是神�斑以�神�元纤维缠结。

Those plaques and tangles work together to break down the brain's structure.

这些神�斑和神�元纤维缠结共�作用,��了大脑的结构。

Plaques arise when another protein in the fatty membrane surrounding nerve cells gets slicedup by a particular enzyme,

当神�细胞周围的脂肪膜里�的蛋白质被一�特定的酶切割�一片片

resulting in beta-amyloid proteins, which are sticky and have a tendency to clump together.

并形�有粘性的容易结�的β-淀粉样蛋白时,神�斑就形�了。

That clumping is what forms the things we know as plaques.

结�的时候就产生了我们所知�的“神�斑�。

These clumps block signaling and, therefore, communication between cells,

这些�状的东西会阻挡信�传递,因此阻挡了细胞之间的交�,

and also seem to trigger immune reactions that cause the destruction of disabled nerve cells.

貌似还引�了导致��的神�细胞��的�疫�应。

In Alzheimer's disease, neurofibrillary tangles are built from a protein known as tau.

在阿兹海默症中,神�元纤维缠结��于一��为“tau�的蛋白。

The brain's nerve cells contain a network of tubes that act like a highway for food moleculesamong other things.

大脑神�细胞包�了一个由很多管�组�的网络,这些管��是食物分�在其他物质中的高速公路。

Usually, the tau protein ensures that these tubes are straight, allowing molecules to passthrough freely.

通常,tau蛋白会确�这些管�的笔直顺畅,好让��分�自由通过。

But in Alzheimer's disease, the protein collapses into twisted strands or tangles,

但得了阿兹海默症�,这些蛋白扭曲�一��或缠结在一起,

making the tubes disintegrate, obstructing nutrients from reaching the nerve cell and leadingto cell death.

造�那些管�的分解,使得�养�能到达神�细胞,从而导致细胞的死亡。

The destructive pairing of plaques and tangles starts in a region called the hippocampus,

神�斑和神�元纤维缠结的共�作�始于一个��海马体的区域,

which is responsible for forming memories.

这个区域专门负责记忆的形�。

That's why short-term memory loss is usually the first symptom of Alzheimer's.

这就是为什么短期记忆丧失通常是阿兹海默症的第一个症状。

The proteins then progressively invade other parts of the brain,

接�这些蛋白会��侵犯大脑的其他部�,

creating unique changes that signal various stages of the disease.

阿兹海默症的�个��阶段的特殊症状��出现。

At the front of the brain, the proteins destroy the ability to process logical thoughts.

在大脑��的部�,这些蛋白会破�逻辑�考的能力。

Next, they shift to the region that controls emotions, resulting in erratic mood changes.

接�,它们转移到大脑控制情感的部�,从而导致�稳定的情绪波动。

At the top of the brain, they cause paranoia and hallucinations,

在大脑顶部,它们会造�妄想症和幻觉,

and once they reach the brain's rear, the plaques and tangles work together to erase themind's deepest memories.

而一旦它们到达大脑�部,神�斑和神�元纤维缠结会共�作用,抹去大脑最深处的记忆。

Eventually the control centers governing heart rate and breathing are overpowered as wellresulting in death.

最终,掌控心跳和呼�的控制中心也会�到侵犯,并导致死亡。

The immensely destructive nature of this disease has inspired many researchers to look for acure

阿兹海默症的这�巨大的破�力,激�了很多研究人员去寻找一个治疗方案,

but currently they're focused on slowing its progression.

但是目�他们主�专注于研究如何延缓疾病�化。

One temporary treatment helps reduce the break down of acetylcholine, an important chemicalmessenger in the brain

一个暂时的治疗方案�以�少乙酰胆碱的分解,乙酰胆碱是大脑里�的一���的化学信使,

which is decreased in Alzheimer's patients due to the death of the nerve cells that make it.

阿兹海默症病人由于制造乙酰胆碱的神�细胞的死亡而缺�这�化学信使。

Another possible solution is a vaccine

�一个�能的解决方案是一�疫苗,

that trains the body's immune system to attack beta-amyloid plaques before they can formclumps.

这�疫苗�以训练身体�疫系统在β-淀粉样蛋白斑形�结�之�攻击它们。

But we still need to find an actual cure.

�过我们�然需�找到一�真正的治疗方案。

Alzheimer's disease was discovered more than a century ago, and yet still it is not wellunderstood.

阿兹海默症早在一个多世纪以�就已�被�现了,而我们至今�还没有完全了解它。

Perhaps one day we'll grasp the exact mechanisms at work behind this threat and a solutionwill be unearthed.

也许有一天我们会明白这个��背�的具体机制,并�现一个解决方案。

以上是医学教育网�编整�的“2021医学考�英语热点�题:阿尔兹海默症�全部内容,想了解更多全国医学�士外语统一考试知识�内容,请点击医学教育网。医学教育网�立至今已有15年,专注医学考试培训教育,已�为数百万学员�供了考��从业和晋�等专业帮助,赢得了广大医学从业人员的认�和信赖,未�我们�然会为�一�在医学路上�断�进的你,�供便利的学习资��优质的�务。

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